Korean Traditional Archery and International Archery Community

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Korean Traditional Archery and International Archery Community

2005-09-27

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Korean Traditional Archery
and the International Archery
Community

by Thomas Duvernay

Introduction

        I have shot a bow, on and off, since I was seven years old.  I have continuously been involved with archery since 1992, when I first had my son (now 19 years old) shoot a bow.  Today, he is an accomplished Korean-style archer, although, like me, he usually does not have much time to practice.  We were two of the first international, long-term practitioners of this type of archery.  Now, there are many international archers, both in Korea and also in other countries, who call ±¹±Ãtheir style of archery.  This paper will look at some issues regarding Korean traditional archery and archers from around the world.

 

Korean Archery to the World

        When I first started shooting Korean-style, I had already been a Western-style archer.  My friend and mentor, Mr. Dong-sup Park (¹Úµ¿¼·, "´ö»ê"), the current director of Horim Jung, in Kyongju, told me to forget everything I knew about shooting and learn the bow again, from theKorean perspective.  I did just that, and I became like a child learning to walk.  For some time, I just practiced my form without shooting a bow.  As time went on, I eventually shot an arrow, and within two months I had my first molgi (¸ô±â).  I am pretty sure I was the first international jubjang (Á¢Àå), although there are several now, with a few having risen in dan (´Ü) ranking, including my son.  Now that the previously unknown world of Korean traditional archery is becoming well known throughout the world, we will see more and more international archers making their mark in our sport.  Because of the increased interest in ±¹±Ã, it is important that Korean and international traditional archers find common ground in which to relate to each other.  Let us consider those areas.

 

Demonstrations of Korean Archery in Other Countries

        Today, there are a handful of people demonstrating Korean archery in other countries.  I began doing it back in 1996, when my son and I would travel to the world's largest traditional archery meet, at the Denton Hill Ski Resort, in Pennsylvania.  I would show the audience the Korean horn bow (°¢±Ã) and laminated bow (°³·®±Ã), along with thumb rings (°¢Áö/±ïÁö), arrows (È­»ì), and other equipment.  I would demonstrate shooting, but at targets only about thirty meters away, instead of the 145 meter distance used in Korean archery.  People were very impressed, but the style was still pretty much unknown at that time.  The last time we went to Denton Hill was in 2002, and Daniel Seong (¼º¼ø°æ) joined with us.  We had a marvelous time,and dressed in period costume for the demonstration.  We demonstrated the horn bow, laminated bow, overdraw (Åë¾Æ/ÆíÀü), and even the repeating crossbow (¼ö³ë).  Daniel brought a solp'o (¼ÖÆ÷), which we put up a ski hill at the 145m distance.  After our demonstration, for a couple days, other archers would try hitting the target using their own bows; many fell in love with the style.

        Another place where Korean archery is being introduced is near San Diego, California, by Mr. Kim Heon-ku (±èÇ屸).  He owns a large piece of land, which he uses for his business of growing flowers.  His target is situated 150m away, over a stream.  His rules are a bit different from those used in ±¹±Ã, as the target face is covered with foam, and different points are given, depending upon where on the target you hit.  I have recommended to many people in California, who were interested in Korean archery, to visit Mr. Kim.

        Of course, there is also an official sa jung (»çÁ¤) in Argentina, and the members are not only Korean, but also Argentinean.  I know one Argentinean member there, and from the pictures he has shown me, it looks like any club here in Korea.

        I know of archers in other countries, such as Hong Kong, Canada, Germany, and other places, who are also trying to get Korean traditional archery started.  It is a slow process, but like with the Japanese style of kyudo, which is now popularly known around the world, Korean traditional archery will also make its mark.

 

Research into Korean Traditional ArcheryInternet, Books/Articles, etc.

        When I first became involved with Korean traditional archery, I searched all over for materials about it.  At that time (1993), there was really only one source I foundÇѱ¹ÀÇ ±Ãµµ, published by the Korea Archery Association.  There was absolutely nothing Icould find in English.  So, it became a goal of mine to educate the international public about Korean archery.  First, of course, I would need to learn about it myself, which I set about doing.

        One of the first things I did was to set up a web page, in English, on the subject.  My first web page was little more than a page with the limited insight I had into ±¹±Ãat that time.  The web page, on borrowed server space, eventually turned into a web site, which I personally maintain.  It has been through numerous revisions, and it is probably due for another one soon.

        Other areas that were pretty much unknown outside of Korea had to do with the horn bow and bamboo arrow (°¢±Ã/Á×½Ã).  As I had a video camera, I thought it might be a great idea to video document the crafting procedures.  First, I contacted a local bowyer (±ÃÀå), Mr. Park Geuk-hwan (¹Ú±Øȯ), who was also a member of my club.  At first, he was very hesitant, as the procedures he used were considered trade secrets.  However, as time went on, he warmed up to the idea.  I think he thought about it and decided that if it were not documented, it would someday disappear.  With only about a dozen bowyers (and a similar number of fletchers [½ÃÀå]), that was a real possibility.  It took me two and a half years to complete the video (1996), but I did, and bowyers around the world have enjoyed it and learned from it.  I then made a similar video about the bamboo arrow, with the fletcher Choi Geum-dong (Ãֱݵ¿) demonstrating; it, too, has been widely accepted by archers around the world.

        In 1996, I was also asked to write an article for the magazine Instinctive Archer, about Korean traditional archery.  Since then, I have written several articles, with others in my mind for magazines in the future.  TV, radio, and newspapers have also interviewed me here in Korea about my involvement in ±¹±Ã.  I have been very pleased to see other Korean archery members trying to showcase our sport in the media, too.  

        There are now many Internetresources about traditional archery, both here in Korea, and also in other countries.  Most every club has its own web page, and there are also wonderful resources such as ArcheryNews.com that are very important to the continued existence and propagation of ±¹±Ã.It is important that we pay attention not only to our own web sites, here in Korea, but we should also visit those in other countries.  If we shut ourselves in, we will miss out on all the possibilities that world archery traditions have to offer.

 

Foreigners in Korea Practicing Korean Archery

        As I mentioned earlier, for some time I was the only international archer in Korea practicing ±¹±Ã.  Now, there are many of us, from many different countries: the United States, Canada, Germany, etc.  As I mentioned, some of the foreigners have dan ranking, even at the third and fourth danlevel.  I receive e-mail frequently from international archers in Korea who would like to join a club.  I look over the national listing of clubs and direct them to the one closest to their area; many have successfully joined.  It is our duty, as members of the Korean traditional archery family, to bring these people into our fold and mentor them.

 

Korea Equipment in Foreign Countries

        Back nearly ten years ago, I was contacted by an archer in the United States who wanted a Korean laminated bow (°³·®±Ã).  I obtained one for him and shipped it overseas.  He was very happy with it, and before I knew it, other people were contacting me.  Over the years, I have sent out hundreds, if notthousands, of Korean bows overseas, including several horn bows (°¢±Ã).  Along with those, people were also interested in Korean arrows, both bamboo and carbon, and even thumb rings (°¢Áö/±ïÁö).  You would be amazed at the number of archers in other countries who now shoot with a thumb ring!

 

Alexander, the Movie

        A couple of years ago, I was contacted by the armorer for the movie Alexander.  They needed bows that could be made to look like those used by the Greek and Persian armies of the third century B.C.  I contacted Mr. Park Myong-won (¹Ú¸í¿ø) of Yonmugung (¿¬¹«±Ã), and he agreed to craft 195 bows for the movie.  So, when you see bows in that movie, underneath all the covering the studio's props department put on them, they were Made in Korea!

 

World Archery to Korea

        Although Korean traditional archery has been gaining in popularity around the world, Western styles of archery (with the exception of Olympic archery, ¾ç±Ã) are slow to catch on here in Korea.  It is really too bad, as Western styles have a lot to offer to traditionalists in this country.

        When Daniel Seong (¼º¼ø°æ), my son and I went to the Denton Hill archery festival back in 2002, he was probably one of the first Korean practitioners of ±¹±Ãto fully experience Western traditional archery.  Once he started into it, I could tell it had captured his interest and imagination.  He was frequently out and about shooting at all the events, and doing quite well, I might add.  Let us look at a few examples of Western traditional archery.

        In the West, the bow is used not only as a toolin the sport of archery, but also as a hunting weapon.  Bowhunting is a way of life in countries like the United States and Canada.  With that in mind, it is easy to imagine why the 3D (»ïÂ÷¿ø) animal targets are so important in Western archery.  Until little more than a century ago, Koreans were great bowhunters.  Even if one has personally decided against hunting with a bow, as is common among Korean archers, there should be no reason why that person cannot still shoot a 3D target.  Daniel Seong went on many of the 3D courses at Denton Hill, and he had a great time.  The courses usually have around twenty-eight targets, placed strategically around the woods, and archers take one shot at each one, trying to hit the "kill zone" where the animal's heart and lungs would be.  It usually takes a couple hours to complete a course.  

        Another popular activity is flight shooting (¸Ö¸® ½î±â).  In the past couple of years, I have seen a version of that being practiced by some here in Korea.  That is great, but it needs to become more organized and practiced.  In the United States, world championships are held each year in Utah, at the Bonneville Range (large salt flats¿°Àü), and world records are often set.  World records are well within the capabilities of Korean archers, so it would be great to have our members taking part in the competitions.

        A popular activity at archery meets is aerial shooting.  Two types of targets are used: the foam disk and helium-filled balloons.  Archers use flu-flu arrows, which have large fletching (±ê) to slow the arrow down quickly, so that arrows shot into the air are not lost.  It is a very fun and challenging activity, where someone will either throw a disk into the air and archers try to shoot it, or balloons are released.

        Also, there is standard target archery, where archers try to score points by shooting at a target with rings, much like in the Olympics.  The difference being, the Olympic bows have sights and stabilizers, while the traditional bows do not.  It is much more challenging.

        There are many other types of activities, varying from culture to culture, but the above-mentioned ones are some of the most common.

 

Foreign Archers Visiting Korea

        Besides the internationals living in Korea who have an interest in archery, there are also short-term foreign visitors frequently visiting.  I will often receive e-mail from international archers who will bevisiting Korea.  They want to learn more about Korean archery, but they also bring with them their own archery traditions that might be of interest to many Korean archers.  Meeting with them and showing them your club is a good way to exchange archery information with each other, and also promote friendship among archers worldwide.  

 

Western Archery Equipment in Korea

        While Korean archery equipment is becoming more popular in the West, Western archery equipment (again, with the exception of Olympic archery) is virtually unknown.  However, more and more Korean archery scholars are seeing the importance of other styles of archery, and how Korea's archery tradition fits in.  A good example is the Youngjip Archery Museum (¿µÁý ±Ã½Ã ¹Ú¹°°ü).  Korea's archery history is amply displayed for visitors to see; along with it are bows and arrows from other archery cultures around the world.  Little by little, I also see Korean archery members coming back from trips overseas with bows and arrows from those countries.  There is a problem related to archery equipment being brought into Korea that has to do with Customs; the Customs officers at airports need to be educated about import laws.  They often do not realize that traditional bows andarrows have no restrictions on being brought into the country; only crossbows are restricted.  If you are questioned by a Customs officer when you bring bows and arrows into the country, ask to see their rules manual; point out to them the section where there are no restrictions.  That last point is important, as many foreign visitors, and Koreans alike, have gone through unnecessary hassles due to the lack of knowledge of the Customs officers.

 

Horse Archery

        In centuries past, Korean horse archers were celebrated and feared, from the Koguryo horse archers immortalized on tomb walls, to the young Hwarang knights of the Silla dynasty.  In the past decade, Korean horse archery has made a comeback, as it also has in the West.  The Korea Equestrian Martial Arts Association (KEMA; ÇѹÎÁ·ÀüÅë ¸¶»ó¹«¿¹°Ý±¸Çùȸ)provided the driving force in Korea.  In the West, two groups spearheaded the resurgence of horse archery: Kassai Lajos, of Hungary, and the International Horse Archery Festival (IHAF), held in the state of Iowa, in the United States.  Also, Stephen Selby, from Hong Kong, has been teaching horse archery to people there.  

 

Kuk Sul Won (±¹¼ú¿ø)

        KSW is a combination of Korean martial arts, both armed and unarmed, including archery.  KSW members must have black belt ranking in order to be allowed to practice archery.  The members are not allowed to use thumb rings; they must shoot their bows with bare thumbs, and some of their bows have fairly high draw weights (60# and more).

 

International Concerns Regarding Korean Bowyers

        As most Korean archers are now aware, the importation of horn and sinew has been prohibited.  That prohibition has, essentially, put a time limit on how long we can hold onto our horn bow culture.  When the situation was first made known to me last winter, I contacted the international traditional archery community through different media.  The response was positive and overwhelming; archers from all over the world have come together to support the Korean horn bow industry.  In many countries, people have written letters to their local Korean embassies and consulates.  The support is there, and international archers will do whatever they can to help preserve a national treasure.  The number of Korean horn bowyers will decrease over the years, but it is up to us, and the international archery community, to see that their art never dies.

 

What Needs to Happen

        First and foremost, we need to have a recognized international association for ±¹±Ã.  I believe it must be under the umbrella of an existing organization, possibly even the Korea Archery Culture Research Association (KACRA±¹±Ã¹®È­¿¬±¸È¸). We should not wait to establish such an organization, as the expansion of Korean traditional archery around the world requires it.  We must also decide upon an association name that works well both in English and Korean.  After that, we need to put in place the structure for the organization.  I propose that we put together a committee to organize the new association.  I volunteer to take parthow about you?

        Presently, I am working on my book, in English, about Korean traditional archery.  I hope to have it published within the year.  A year ago, my thesis on Korean traditional archery was published, and from that I am basing the book.  Besides my book, I believe Korean archery books and articles, in Korean, need to be translated and disseminated around the world.

        We need to actively involve and invite foreign archers to Korea.  As sponsoring a special international archery festival or competition would probably be too costly for most clubs, I would like to suggest that at least efforts are made to include foreign archers in any competitions you may be having.  However, I would also suggest that our group, KACRA, encourage clubs across the country to come together and sponsor an international event; I believe it is possible to also get corporate help.

        One other area I should mention is the education of our young people.  More and more, public archery ranges are being set up and there is even at least one traditional archery classroom for children to learn about their heritage.  I would like to suggest that each club be responsible for setting up some type of educational program for the young people of Korea; they are the future of ±¹±Ã.  In the West, archery is often a family activity, with fathers, mothers, and children all shooting together.  Here in Korea, that has not been the case, but it could be.

 

Conclusion

        We can see that archery is an important activity around the world, and Korean archers and those from other countries need to work together.  In doing so, Korean archery can spread far outside Korea's borders, and world archery cultures can enrich us here in Korea.


Some web sites to visit:
http://www.koreanarchery.org [±¹±Ã (¿µ¾î)]
http://198.66.52.119/phpBB2/index.php [ATARN]
http://www.hornbow.com [°¢±Ã]
http://www.bambooarrow.com [Á×½Ã]
http://www.horsearchery.org [¸¶»óÈ°½î±â]
http://www.horsebackarchery.com [¸¶»óÈ°½î±â]
 http://www.intlhorsearchery.org  [¸¶»óÈ°½î±â]
http://www.bowsite.com/bowsite/tf/lw/threadsx2.cfm [ÀüÅë È°½î±â]
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/goongdo [±¹±Ã]
http://p072.ezboard.com/btraditionalarchery [ÀüÅë È°½î±â]
http://p081.ezboard.com/fpaleoplanet69529frm13 [ÀüÅë È°½î±â]


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:: Thomas DuvernayÀÇ È¨ÆäÀÌÁö http://www.koreanarchery.org/

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